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Traditional system analysis and design approaches seem insufficient to model healthcare systems, given their complexity, the presence of uncertainty, and scale. To overcome these difficulties a System-of-Systems (SoS) approach is adopted. In this talk, a methodological framework for modeling healthcare systems and devising strategies that improve the health level of a population is presented. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming model in which the objective is to optimize the population’s health level, appropriately defined, taking into account several constraints. Specifically, given an amount of money to be allocated by a government, local or national, taking into account population growth and medical facilities’ constraints, an allocation strategy is devised to various levels of the healthcare system so that a proxy of life expectancy for a given population is maximized. The resulting policies could improve the sustainability of healthcare systems, and, consequently the well-being of people and the overall sustainability of corresponding countries.